Die-casting materials, die-casting machines, and molds are the three major elements of die-casting production, all of which are indispensable. The so-called die-casting process is the organic and comprehensive application of these three elements to enable the stable, rhythmic and efficient production of qualified castings with good appearance, internal quality, and dimensions that meet the requirements of the drawing or agreement, or even high-quality castings.

Die-casting mold is a tool for casting metal parts, a tool for completing the die-casting process on a dedicated die-casting die forging machine. The basic process of die-casting is: first low-speed or high-speed casting of molten metal into the cavity of the mold, the mold has a movable cavity surface, it is pressurized forging with the cooling process of the molten metal, which eliminates the shrinkage of the blank. Loose defects also make the internal structure of the blank reach broken grains in the forged state. The comprehensive mechanical properties of the blank have been significantly improved.

Common Materials

The alloys used in die castings are mainly non-ferrous alloys. As for ferrous metals (steel, iron, etc.) due to mold materials and other issues, they are rarely used. Aluminum alloys are widely used in non-ferrous alloy die castings, followed by zinc alloys. The following briefly introduces the situation of die-casting non-ferrous metals.

(1) Classification of die-casting non-ferrous alloys, hindered shrinkage, mixed shrinkage, free shrinkage, lead alloy—–0.2-0.3% 0.3-0.4% 0.4-0.5%, low melting point alloy, tin alloy, zinc alloy——–0.3- 0.4% 0.4-0.6% 0.6-0.8% Aluminum-silicon series–0.3-0.5% 0.5-0.7% 0.7-0.9% Die-casting non-ferrous alloy aluminum alloy aluminum copper series aluminum-magnesium series—0.5-0.7% 0.7-0.9% 0.9 -1.1% refractory alloy aluminum-zinc magnesium alloy———-0.5-0.7% 0.7-0.9% 0.9-1.1% copper alloy

(2) Recommended casting temperature for various die-casting alloys Alloy type Average casting wall thickness ≤ 3mm Average casting wall thickness> 3mm Simple structure and complex structure Simple structure and complex structure

• Aluminum alloy Aluminum silicon series 610-650℃ 640-680℃ 600-620℃ 610-650℃
• Aluminum copper series 630-660℃ 660-700℃ 600-640℃ 630-660℃
• Aluminum-magnesium series 640-680℃ 660-700℃ 640-670℃ 650-690℃
• Aluminum zinc series 590-620℃ 620-660℃ 580-620℃ 600-650℃
• Zinc alloy 420-440℃ 430-450℃ 400-420℃ 420-440℃
• Magnesium alloy 640-680℃ 660-700℃ 640-670℃ 650-690℃
• Copper alloy Ordinary brass 910-930℃ 940-980℃ 900-930℃ 900-950℃
• Silicon brass 900-920℃ 930-970℃ 910-940℃ 910-940℃

*Note:

• ①The casting temperature is generally measured by the temperature of the molten metal in the holding furnace.
• ②The casting temperature of zinc alloy should not exceed 450℃ to avoid coarse grains.